"Psychologists will tell you we're putting them (soldiers) under as much stress in a six year period as if they were 80 years old and living their entire life in Seattle, Washington. But what's hopeful is our programs are beginning to work, and our leaders are fully engaged with the problem, and we're getting at the stigma associated with the issue." -GEN Peter ChiarelliOn Wednesday,
the Pentagon Channel live streamed press conference led by Army Vice Chief of Staff General Peter Chiarelli with LTG Jack Stultz Chief of the Army Reserve, and MG Raymond Carpenter, Acting Director of the Army National Guard. They went over the data compiled by the Army, National Guard and Army reserves regarding the high number of suicides. The Army started keeping tabs in 2007, and from then to the present, compiled all the cases in a huge study (within 36 hours, the generals were briefed about each suicide). Their data shows that overall, Army suicides in 2010 were down from 2009. However, while the number of active duty soldiers were down, the number of Army reservists and Army National Guard soldiers was up. (In 2010 there were 343 Army suicides total).
According to the study, the outcome for active duty soldiers was comparatively much easier to control. Stress triggers could be more easily mitigated because of assistance from the chain of command, the camaraderie of their peers, and access to Army-led programs on posts. In addition, families had far more information about symptoms, treatment, and knowledge about programs.
But the same outcome is not so easily to control for reservists and those in the National Guard.
These two groups often live far from any military base or even a VA, where programs are available.
(Note: most cities rely on a combination of Federal or State funds to run their publicly available mental health services. This amount varies). Reservists and Guardsmen also lack regular interaction from their chain of command, and most of all their peers, who have gone through similar experiences.

In addition, these two groups are vulnerable to an adverse economy, plus the currently troubled labor market.
As stated by MG Carpenter, among the Army's finding were:
- There was no single cause for suicide, rather it was a combination of things.
- Most of the suicides in the study took place among soldiers who had not yet deployed.
- Most of the suicides took place early in a soldier's career.
- The economy alone could not be pointed out as a reason for a person taking their life.
- Families claim that the Army was something the person had been very proud of.
- The majority were young, white males.
- Over 50% had a relationship problem with a spouse or partner.
The Army has determined that the current programs must be fully extended to the Reservists and National Guard in the areas of residence, and that they must work with a combination of Army, VA, and community services. Chiarelli noted that the bedrock for these two groups is composed of family, peers, and employers. The general public must be made more aware to such issues as the overuse and abuse of prescriptions drugs, understand that there are programs available. In addition, the Army will work on the continued development of tele-help, enriching existing

medical care, and forming community partnerships with local agencies. Working with the National Institute for Mental Health (NIMH), the Army has developed the
Army STARRS program, a five year study ending in 2014 that will
"look for factors that help protect a Soldier’s mental health and those factors that put a Soldier’s mental health at risk."
Results will be reported as the study goes on, and programs will be modified or implemented as well.
General Chiarelli also spoke about the need for more dwell time between deployments. More dwell time would have a significantly impact upon relationship issues, drug and alcohol abuse, and greatly reduce the stress upon the entire family. In addition, he noted that both Reserve and National Guard commanders needed to keep their thumb on the pulse of employment issues their soldiers were having upon coming home.
The Surgeon's Wife And Her Critical Eye:While the Army was very good at concretely describing triggers for stress, they did not use the word
depression. This was akin to giving a definition without using the word itself. Perhaps they didn't want to couch it in such general terms, but talk about it in specifics.
However, while one may talk about "resilliency training," to not mention depression
misses the mark when it comes to expunging the stigma of mental health. In 2008,
Dr. Ian Cook, a psychiatrist at UCLA stated that untreated depression is the leading cause of suicide.
"The bottom line is while we can't infer a lot of things about what is causing the trend, I think it (the rise in suicides) cries out for better depression screening and treatment," he said.
It's also important to keep in perspective that nationwide, all ages, socio-economic groups, and both genders have seen
an increase in suicide since 1999. In 2010 alone, there were 35,000 suicides nationwide. The Army's 343 suicides signifies less than 1% of the total. However, unlike the other 35,000, this group was studied. The Army undertook interviews with the families, poured over medical records, performing what is sadly be termed as a psychological autopsy. Without a doubt, the suicides are a tragedy, an enormous loss. But for the Army to undertake such a study is a good start and shows resolve to address the problem.
Unfortunately, studies like this are an exception, not the rule. If each county or city were to do the same, the outlook on mental health might be different. As it is, suicides are often unspoken of in our society. A number of years ago, a friend's best friend committed suicide after years of living with bipolar disorder. His family didn't even have a funeral. In another instance, a local 13-year old tragically did the same. Despite his parents putting up a website for him, not much has come of it at a level where teenage suicide is kept track of, and mental health services are

being scrutinized and if anything --spoken about in ways that provide actual services.
One group that provides what should be a complementary study to the Army's findings is the National Alliance on Mental Health, or
NAMI. Every two years, this dynamic organizations conducts a soup-to-nuts evaluation of mental health services by state. On their site,
they grade the states but the overall grade for the nation is a "D."
Watch the video by NAMI director Mike Fitzpatrick, who talks about this evaluation.NAMI's findings about the lack of and difficulty of accessing local mental health assistance mirrors the Army's findings about the remoteness being a factor for the increase of suicides among Reserve and National Guard soldiers. It also is an indication of the uphill struggle the Army faces as it works to partner with VA and local resources. In a time of funding cuts, mental health services is one of the areas that states often cut first. Not only does the public, but all military families and friends need to be made aware of the threat being made to mental health services, as well as keeping tabs on whether or not the insurance industry is increasing or decreasing coverage.